Many LC applications use nonvolatile buffers such as phosphate and borate. Avoid using nonvolatile buffers because they can cause salt buildup in parts of the API source, such as the ion transfer tube and nozzle of the spray insert. Using nonvolatile buffers without also cleaning the API source to remove salt deposits can compromise the integrity of the spray.

CAUTION

Avoid exposure to potentially harmful materials

By law, producers and suppliers of chemical compounds are required to provide their customers with the most current health and safety information in the form of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) or Safety Data Sheets (SDSs). The MSDSs and SDSs must be freely available to lab personnel to examine at any time. These data sheets describe the chemicals and summarize information on the hazard and toxicity of specific chemical compounds. They also provide information on the proper handling of reagents, first aid for accidental exposure, and procedures to remedy spills or leaks.

CAUTION

Risk of eye injury

Read the MSDS or SDS for each chemical you use. Store and handle all chemicals in accordance with standard safety procedures. Always wear protective gloves and safety glasses when you use solvents or corrosives. Also, contain waste streams, use proper ventilation, and dispose of all laboratory reagents according to the directions in the MSDS or SDS.

For LC/MS experiments, replace nonvolatile buffers with the following volatile buffers:

  • Acetic acid
  • Ammonium acetate
  • Ammonium formate
  • Ammonium hydroxide
  • Formic acid
  • Triethylamine (TEA)

For LC applications that require nonvolatile buffers, follow these guidelines for increased performance:

  • Optimize the spray insert position.
  • Install the optional ion sweep cone on the API source interface.
  • Reduce the concentration of buffers to an absolute minimum.
  • Increase the frequency of the API source maintenance